Pantuflo, in the later Escobar strips (the ones which are mostly available), is a saint in comparison with his incarnation in the older, black and white ones, in which he punished his sons with incredibly brutal and sadistic penalties, such as crushing them with a huge steamroller, tying them to a bed of spikes with a large and scary boulder over their head or abandoning them in the middle of the sea. Even worse is the fact that this is seen as normal. Pantuflo has no trouble in brutally beating the twins or locking them in a mice infested room with no food or water.
COMIC ZIPI Y ZAPE PERSONAJES SERIES
The author particularly focused on topics relevant to young readers, including school, grades and parents.The popularity of Zipi y Zape has prompted the creation of derivative works, like video games, an animated TV series in 2003 - which was wrapped up with Direct to Video animation film Las monstruosas aventuras de Zipi y Zape in 2005 - and three live-action movies, Las Aventuras de Zipi y Zape in 1981, Zipi y Zape y el club de la canica in 2013 and Zipi y Zape y la isla del capitán in 2016. In this context, Don Pantuflo represents an authoritarian, conservative paternal figure while Doña Jaimita performs the role of a submissive housewife.
Both techniques are applied to the nature of the punishments that Don Pantuflo delivers to his sons. The series parodies the 19 th century bourgeois family structure featuring black humor and sadism.
The historical value of Zipi y Zape as a witness of the Spanish postwar is best understood in their initial black and white publications, which offer a rejection of the adult world through exaggeration. As a result, both the nature of the twins’ mischief and their punishments were increasingly softened. The first publications were amended by the Franco censorship due to their transgressive humor, particularly their satirical portrayal of repressive family values. The original short story (1 to 8 pages) progressively extended its length until reaching the 44 pages characteristic of the Franco-Belgian comics. The comic strip series evolved from a short structure and corrosive humor to longer stories and softer humor. Finally, the story closes with the pair being punished by their father or followed up by some other character. Each comic strip series sets out the scene by introducing the good action the twins intend to carry out, then we learn that their plan results in chaos. Following the classical pattern, the narrative of Zipi y Zape is structured in three parts. The protagonists interact with a set of characters within their school and family circles such as their father (Don Pantuflo), mother (Doña Jaimita) and genius cousin (Sapientín). The characters were originally inspired in two other sets of siblings from the medium: the German Max und Moritz (1865) by Wilhelm Busch and the American The Katzenjammer Kids (1897) by Rudolph Dirks. Their names are based on the Spanish word zipizape meaning chaos, a clear reference to their behavior. while Zipi is blonde, Zape is dark-haired). The protagonists are identical twins who can be only distinguished by the color of their hair (i.e. The series portrays the domestic adventures of Zipi and Zape, a pair of mischievous twins who are nevertheless, constantly willing to undertake a “good action” that implies getting in trouble with catastrophic consequences. Together with Mortadelo y Filemón, the comic strip series contributes to the critical humor style within the Bruguera-school, one of the three most important streams in the medium after the Spanish civil war. Zipi y Zape, is one of the most popular Spanish comic strip series, first published in 1948 and created by Spanish cartoonist Josep Escobar i Saliente, which has been widely adapted to the cinema, TV and videogames.
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